Page 92 - Prathima Volume 12

m%;sudk Ydia;%Sh ix.%yh
2018$2019 fodf<diajk fj¿u
nex.f,da¾" ,kavka jeks úoHdh;khkays udkj úoHdj wdrïN jkafka hg;aúcs;
ft;sydisl Wreuhla iys;j h' tf;la bkaoshdkq iudcj, mej;s {dk óuxid;aul
l%uhkag thska ndOdjla we;s jQfha wúoHdjka hehs i,ld neyer lrk ,o neúka h'
bkaoshdkq iudchkays zzl=, l%uhZZ ms<sn| isÿ lrk ,o wOHhkhka fndfydauhla u
hqfrdamSh oDIaáfldaKhlska hqla; úh' fuu ;;a;ajh Y%S ,xldj wdY%fhka o olakg
,efí' udkj jxYúoHd;aul l%ufõoh Ndú; lrñka iudch wOHhkh lrk nj
i|yka fldg ;snqK o hqfrda flakaøSh kHdhka Ndú;fhka iudc l%ufhys iajNdjh
w¾:l:kh fldg ;sfí' ¨úia vqfudkaÜ fyda yÜka úiska isÿ lrk ,o uq,a ld,Sk
udkj úoHd;aul wOHhkhka ;=< bkaoshdkq iudchkays m%d:ñl" j;=" .%dóh iy
kd.ßl kue;s iudc úfNaokh meyeos,sj olakg ,efnk nj mfg,a fmkajd fohs
(Patel, 2017)' fuu úfNaokh hg;aúcs; kHdh ikao¾Nh f.dv ke.Sfuys m%;sM,hls'
hg;a úcs; jd¾;d yd f,aLkhka bosßm;a lrk ,oafoa udkj úoHd;aul kHdhka
Wmfhda.S fldg f.k h' cd;s iy j¾K wkqj mßmd,k f,aLkhka ilia lsÍu iudc
l%uh ;=< úIu;d we;s lsÍug n,mEï lrk ,os' ngysr úoaj;=ka muKla fkdj ngysr
wdNdIh iys; foaYSh úoaj;=ka o iajlSh iudch w¾:l:kh lrk ,oafoa hqfrdamSh kHdh
mßl,amkfhys n,mEula iys;j h' Y%S ksjdiaf.a bkaoshdkq iudcfha l=,h ms<sn|
wOHhkhkays (Srinivas, 1962, 1980, 2003) fuka u kQ¾ hd,aukaf.a Y%S ,xldfõ Wvrg
iudch ms<sn| wOHhkhkays o (Yalman, 1964) hqfrdamSh iïu; úoHd;aul kHdhka
Ndú;h meyeos,sj olakg ,efí' fu u.ska isÿ jQfha i;H iudc h:d¾:h úlD;
wdldrfhka ksrEmKh ùuls' kQ¾ hd,aukaf.a f;re;ekak wOHhkfhys oS fyf;u
Wvrg l=, l%uh jvd kuHYS,S jQjla f,i w¾: ksrEmKh lrhs' t fuka u
jHqylD;Hjdoh Ndú;fhka l=,fhys meje;au iudc l%uhg wjYH hehs ú.%y fldg
;sfí (Yalman, 1967)' tfia o jqj;a" bvï Ndú;fhys mj;sk úIu;dj" l=,Sk iy l=,ySk
m%cdjka w;r mj;sk iïnkaO;djkaf.a i;H iajNdjh thska .uH fkdfõ' thg
fya;=j" i;H iudch ;=< h:d¾:h .%yKh lsÍu i|yd mej;s {dk óuxidj ie,ls,a,g
fkd f.k" ikao¾Nhg fhda.H fkdjk m¾hdjf,dalhla Ndú; lsÍu h'

;=kajk f,dalh hehs y÷kajkq ,nk rgj, fndfydauhla iudcúoHd;aul wOHhk
i|yd f.da,Sh o;a; iy idys;H Ndú; lsÍu o wfhda.H nj oCIsK kHdhfõoSka úiska
;¾l lrkq ,nhs (Patel, 2017; Santos, 2016)' oßø;dj" ixj¾Okh jeks ixl,amhka
jqj;a hqfrdamSh oDIaá fldaKhlg hg;aj meyeos,s fldg we;' fmros. iy oCIsK
f,dalfha rgj, ;;a;ajhka úYaf,aIKh lsÍfuys oS fndfyda ÿrg hqfrdamSh wdh;khka
úiska ksIamdokh lrkq ,nk o;a; iy idys;H uQ,dY% Ndú; lrk njla fmfkkakg
;sfí' Wml,amk f.dv ke.Su iy kHdhd;aul wjulrKh ^Theoretical deduction&
i|yd úoHd;aul hehs mjikq ,nk hqfrda flakaøSh kHdh fndfyda úg Ndú; lrhs'
foaYSh jYfhka mj;sk {dk óuxidj m%;sfCIam lrhs' kej; mosxÑ lsÍï ld¾hfhys oS
uhsl,a i¾kshd iy ialv¾ jeks úoaj;=ka úiska ksIamdokh lrk ,o kHdhka fndfyda
ÿrg Ndú; lrkq ,nkafka f,dal nexl=j jeks f.da,Sh wdh;k úiska tajd wkq.ukh
lsÍug kshu lrkq ,nk neúka h (Scudder, 2005)' tfia o jqj;a" kej; mosxÑh
iïnkaOfhka i;H w;aoelSï ,nk m%cdjka tlS wjia:dj ixcdkkh lrkq ,nk
wdldrh iy w;aoelSu ms<sn| wdlD;sh i¾kshdf.a kHdhd;aul ú.%yhg jvd fjkia úh
yels h' ta yd iïnkaO ft;sydisl ;;a;ajhka úiska mqoa.,hkaf.a p¾hdj ;SrKh lrkq
,nkafka kHdhd;aul ú.%yhg mßndysr wdldrfhka h' fï ksid oCIsK kHdhfõoSkaf.a
uQ,sl ;¾lhka úfYaIfhka jeo.;a jk nj fmfka'

78