Page 88 - Prathima Volume 12

m%;sudk Ydia;%Sh ix.%yh
2018$2019 fodf<diajk fj¿u
m%;HCIuQ,jdoS {dk óuxidj h ^Positivistic Epistemology&' tys oS" i;Hh mqoa.,hdg
mßndysrj mj;sk fohla hehs ms<s.kq ,efí' iudcúoHd{hd úiska .%yKh lr.kq
,nk f;la i;Hh iudch ;=< mj;shs' th .%yKh lr .kafka ke;s kï ;j ÿrg;a
ie`.jqKq i;Hhla jYfhka th mj;shs' fu jeks Wml,amkhla mokï fldg f.k
i;Hh .%yKh lr .ekSug uq,a ld,Sk iudcúoHd{hka W;aidy lrk ,os (Durkheim,
1951)' fõn¾ iy Tyq wkq.ukh l< yqir,a jeks iudc kHdhdpd¾hjreka úiska iudc
i;Hh" mqoa.,hdf.a wNHka;rh ;=<ska biau;= jkakla hehs fmkajd fok ,os (Husserl,
1965)' fya;= M, iïnkaO;djlska f;drj o iudc ixisoaëka biau;= fjhs' fï ksid
iudc i;Hh mqoa.,hdg mßndysrj mj;skakla fkdfõ' th mqoa., ueosy;aùu u.ska
biau;= jk ;;a;ajhls' m%mxpfõoS kHdhd;aul m¾hdjf,dalh f.dv k.d ;sfnkafka
Wla; Wml,amkh mdol fldg f.k h (Schutz, 1977)' t fuka u wNsixialrKjdoS
{dk óuxidj u.ska ;¾l lrkafka i;Hh" iudc l%uh úiska ft;sydislj f.dv
k.kq ,nkakla nj h' flfia fj;;a ish¨ {dk ñuxid;aul oDIaàkaf.a uQ,sl moku
fndfyda ÿrg ldáishdkq oaffj;h u; mokï ù ;sfí'

ldáishdkq oaffj;h hkq ú{dkh iy fN!;slh jYfhka udkj meje;au úlKavkh
lsÍu h (Russell, 1945)' iudcúoHdfõ m¾hdjf,dalhka fndfydauhla ilia fldg
;sfnkafka Wla; úlKavkh uQ,sl fldg f.k h' ksoiqka jYfhka ge,afldÜ
md¾ikaif.a jHqy lD;HjdoS ú.%y fmkajd osh yels h (Parsons, 1937)' md¾ikaiaf.a
kHdhd;aul ú.%yhka fndfyda ÿrg mokï jkafka jHqyh iy lD;H kue;s iudcfha
fN!;sluh fCIa;%hka uQ,sl fldg f.k h' jHqyh flfrys mqoa.,hdf.a ueosy;aùu
wjYH hehs ms<s.kq ,enQj o wdjia:hsl jYfhka mqoa.,hd ,nk w;aoelSï flfrys tys oS
úfYaI wjOdkhla fhduq fkdfõ' fuhg jvd fjkia j hk m%mxpfõofhys oS iudc
jHqyh o mqoa.,hd úiska iú{dkslj w;aolskq ,nk ;;a;ajhla jYfhka .%yKh l<
hq;= nj fmkajd oS we; (Moran, 2000)' fndfydauhla hqfrdamSh iïNjhla iys; iudc
kHdhka ldáishdkq oaffj;h u; f.dv ke.S we;' we;eï wjia:djkays oS ú{dkh iy
fN!;sl iajNdjh taldnoaO lrñka iudc meje;au ú.%y lsÍug .kq ,enQ W;aidyhka o
olakg ,efí' weka;kS .sâkaiaf.a jHqylrKh ms<sn| kHdh (Giddens, 1984) iy
fndaosfhdaf.a yeìgqia (Bourdieu, 1977, 1990) ms<sn| ixl,amh t jeks iïñY%s; kHdhka
h' tfia o jqj;a" ta ;=< o hqfrdamdkq miqìu meyeos,sj olakg ,efí' weka;kS .sâkaia
uyck nqoaêuf;l= jYfhka iajlSh kHdhka iuld,Sk foaYmd,k úuqla;s jHdmdrhka
iy iqnidOkh i|yd Ndú; lrk njla fmfka' msh¾ fndaosfhdaf.a kHdhd;aul
ú.%yhka u.ska o hqfrdamdkq wdY%h biau;=j fmfka' t muKla o fkdj" i;aNdjh
^Ontology& iïnkaOfhka mj;sk oaú.;sh fyda oajhldÍ iajNdjh ish¨ kHdhka ;=<
olakg ,efí' fndaosfhda jqj;a W;aidy lrkq ,nkafka i;H iudcfha mj;skafka hehs
is;kq ,nk hula .%yKh lsÍug h' fï ksid i;Hfhys mej;sh yels jkafka iajNdj
folla muKla h hk u;h ms<sf.k we;s njla fmfka' i;Hfhys oajhldÍ ;;a;ajh
uq,a ld,Sk .%Sl - frdau Ñka;kh ;=< o oel.; yels h' tkï" A kue;s lreK we;ehs
m%ldY lrkq ,nkafka not A kue;s ;;a;ajhg idfmaCIj h' ksoiqka jYfhka zzj¾;udk
mjq,a ixia:dj ì| jeà we;ZZ hk iudc úoHd;aul m%ldYh i;Hhla hehs ms<s.kq
,nkafka zzj¾;udk mjq,a ixia:dj ia:djr fõZZ ^fuh úh fkd yels ;;a;ajhls& hk
m%ldYkh iu. ixikaokh lsÍfuka h' ish¨ iudcúoHd kHdhka ;=< Wla; ixikaokh
iy mßl,amkh olakg ,efí' tfia o jqj;a iudc i;Hhkays mj;sk oajhldÍ;dj"

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