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45 2022 ckjdß
ka iïNjh jQ njg woyia oelaùu;a iuÕ Tyq kdia;sl
oDIaájdÈfhl= ^wd.ñl kshuhka mss<sfkd.kafkl=&
jYfhka i,ld mq¿iaid urd ouk ,È' ñka miqj o Ôù
mrkduh ms<sn|j fndfyda fofkl=f.a woyia m< úh'
m%xY cd;sl úoajf;l= jQ ðka neiaÜia ,eudla ^1774 -
1829&" bx.%Sis cd;sl frdnÜ pd,aia vdúka ^1809 - 1829&
iy we,am%â ri,a fjd,ia ^1829 - 1913& m%Odk fõ' fï
u;jdohka w;=frka wo jk úg ms<s.kq ,nkafka pd,aia
vdúka úiska bÈßm;a lrk u;jdoh fõ'
vdúkag mQ¾jfhka mßKdujdoh ms<sn|j ;rula
úoHd;aul jYfhka u;hla bÈßm;a lrkq ,enqfõ
,eudla úisks' Tyq f.a mßKdujd§ kHdfha uQ,sl yrh
njg m;ajQfha" Ôùka Tjqkaf.a iSudfõ ;=< muKla
m%udKfhka iy ixlS¾K;ajfhka j¾Okh jk nj;a"
tys§ kj bkaøShka f.a j¾Okh iy yelshdjka tu
bkaøshka f.a ksrka;r Ndú;h u; mokï jk nj;a"
tneúka fï bkaøShka fjfyiSu tajdfha j¾Okhg
fya;\jk nj;a" fufia w;alr.;a .;s ,laIK bÈß
m%cdj fj; iafm%aIKjk nj;a h' kuq;a ,eudla f.a
fï kHdh iajNdúl úoHd{hkaf.a fyda wfkl=;a
wOHhk md¾Yjhkaf.a ms<s.ekSug ,laù fkdue;'
vdúka f.a vdúka f.a mßKdujdoh
vdúka f.a mßKdujdoh ms<sn| woyi iajdNdúl
mßKdujdoh úoHdfõ fukau" mqrdúoHdfõ kj ixl,amSh mfõYfha§
jvd;a jeo.;a ixêia:dkhla njg m;aù ;fí' vdúka
úiska mßirfha úúO ,laIKhka iys; Ydl iy
i;=ka úyd, ixLHdjla Ôj;ajk j y÷kd.;a w;r" fï
mßirhl Ôj;ajk Ôùka f.a .yKh tlsfkl wdfõ‚l ,laIK Tjqka fj;g <ÕdjQfha
j¾Okhj;a u mßirfha we;s iïm;a flfiaoehs vdúka úiska l,amkd lr ,§' ta wkqj ,eudla
mßfNdackh i|yd iSudldÍ idOlhka jdoh bÈßm;aù jir 50lg miqj 1889 § ðjfha iïNjh
(Origin of Species) kï lD;sh rpkd lrk ,È' ta wkqj
u;=fõ' Ôùka tla fmdÿ iïm;la vdúka úiska iajdNdúl jrK (Natural Selection) jdoh
ms<sn|j wfmalaIdfjka mßfNdackh bÈßm;a lrk ,§' fï iajdNdúl jrKjdoh bÈßm;a
lsÍu fuhg fya;=j hs' lrkq ,enfõ" i;a;aj .yk ms<sn|j lrkq ,enQ m%Odk
ksÍlaIK folla iy Wml,amk ;=kla mokï lr.ksñks'
mD Óúfha Ôj;a jk Ôúkaf.a úúO;ajhla mj;s' ksÍlaIK
Ôùkaf.a fï úúO;ajhg uq,sl fya;=j ù • wêckHh;djh (Over Production)
we;af;a" mßKdñl l%shdj,sh hs' ffcj mßKduh
jYfhka y÷kjkq ,nkafka ld,h;a iuÕ tla Ôù • m%fNaok (Variation)
ldKavhla fjk;a Ôù ldKavhla njg mßj¾;kh ùu Wml,amk
hs' mßKdujdoh ms<sn|j woyia Ⱦ> ld,hla ;siafia
j¾Okhg ,la úh' uq,a wjêha § ñksid we;=¿ Ôù • Ôú; igk (Struggle of Existence)
mßKduh ms<sn| woyi ñ:Hd m%nkaO Tiafaia f.dvke.s • iajdNdúljrKh (Natural Selection)
;snq‚' ta wkqj uq,a wjêfh § ñksid jdkrhd f.a
m%Njh jQ jg mej;s u;jdohka oeä f,i m%;slafYam • WÑf;dakak;sh (Survival of the Fittest)
jQ w;r" 1619 § b;d,s cd;sl ¨Ñ,s´ ñksid jdkrhdf.
