Page 25 - RUICHSS 2023 Proceeding

University of Ruhuna ISSN: 2706-0063
Matara, Sri Lanka

In the past, we used to identify target groups, but today, our focus has shifted

towards recognising and listing the multiple barriers that hinder equal participation
in higher education. A barrier is anything that obstructs the achievement of a goal.

Increasing motivation can help overcome barriers, but when the barriers are too
significant, motivation tends to decrease. For instance, when discussing people
with disabilities, we often refer to their special or specific needs. However, the

reality is that the key issue lies in the barriers they encounter daily, such as
environmental obstacles, prejudices, negative attitudes, and discrimination.

Additionally, proximity to the goal is crucial in this context. The closer a person is

to their goal, the higher their motivation tends to be. Conversely, if the desired goal
seems too distant, the investment to achieve it diminishes. Therefore, it is essential
to provide or bring opportunities closer for people with disabilities, allowing them

to get nearer to their goals.

Furthermore, the level of expectations also plays a vital role. It refers to what an

individual expects of themselves when they undertake a task and is influenced by
the expectations of significant others such as parents and teachers. Low
expectations for someone can result in a reduced level of commitment, while

higher expectations can lead to greater dedication. Unfortunately, people with
disabilities are frequently subjected to overprotection and evaluation below their
actual potential. The expectations of their social environment regarding their

performance tend to be very low, which can negatively impact their own
aspirations and may even result in learned helplessness. Hence, it is of utmost
importance to create opportunities for them and to instill belief in their abilities.

Today, we refer to students who are categorised as students with fewer
opportunities (and the term "students facing barriers" is preferred) or those whose

personal, psychological, physical, mental, or health conditions are such that their

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