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wkq.%dylhd jQ w;r tys wdrïNl iNdm;sjrhd f,i o ld,sodif.a Ydl=ka;,d o bx.%Sishg mßj¾;kh lsÍu
fcdakaia m;a lrk ,È' l,algdfõ rdclSh wdishd;sl f,dal idys;Hh ;=< ixialD; idys;Hhg wjldYhla
ix.uh wdrïN lrk ,oafoa Y%Su;a frdnÜ fÉïn¾iaf.a fjka ùug fya;=jla jQ nj fmfka' Tyqf.a ixialD;
(Sir Robert Chambers) ^l%s'j' 1737-1803& m%Odk;ajfhka idys;H lD;s mßj¾;kh iy w¾: ksrEmKh ;;ald,Sk
l,algdfõ ú,shï fldgqfõ ia:dms; fY%aIaGdêlrKfha ft;sydisl iy od¾Yksl-fi!kao¾hjdÈ reÑl;ajh
m%Odk cQß ldurfha mej;s /iaùul§ h' fmkajkakla úh' ixialD; NdIdj ms<sn| ,o mßph
wdishd;sl ix.uh msysgqjk wjêfha§ ,kavkfha u.ska Tyq jir kjhl muK ld,hl iajreÑh i|yd
mej;s wdldrfha jxYj;=kaf.a ixiohla bkaÈhdfõ we;s ldu iy kdrdhk m%uqL iriaj;S" .x.d" bkaø" iQ¾hh iy
lsÍfï wruqKska ú,shï fcdakaia W.;a hqfrdamShhkag ,CIAó we;=¿ foú foaj;djka Wfoid iaj;ka;% Nla;s
l,algdfjys mÈxÑ ùug wdrdOkd lf<ah' tu.ska Tyq ldjH kjhla rpkd lf<ah' ta i|yd .=Kjdpl NdId
n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQfha ix.uh Tiafia m%dÖk idys;Hh ffY,Ska fukau úia;r o imhd .kakd ,oafoa merKs
iy úoHdjka ms<sn| wOHhk m%j¾Okh lsÍug wjYH bkaÈhdkq ixialD;s idys;Hh ;=<ska ùu úfYaI;ajhls'
wdfhdack" l=i,;d iy úIhdkqnoaO wOHhk <Õd bkaÈhdfõ wdishd;sl ix.uh msysgqùu oekqu" úoHdj
lr .ekSu hs' l,algdfõ wdishd;sl ix.uh msysgqùu iy úYaj b;sydifha jákdlï iy m%;s,dN ms<sn|
wdishdkq wOHhk úIfhys .kakd ,o ;SrKd;aul úYajdi l< ;;ald,Sk hqfrdamSh m%nqoaO (Enlightenment)
mshjrla úh' ta wkqj wdishdfõ b;sydih" mqrd;kh" iufha wdNdih ,enQjla nj fmkS hhs' nhsn,a b;sydih
l,djka" úoHdjka iy idys;Hh jeks úúO fCIa;% iy ld,dkql%uh u; mokïj ish¨u ñksiqka if.da;%Sh
Tiafia fmrÈ. ms<sn| m¾fhaIK jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu njg jQ ;;ald,Sk ngysr úYajdi ;yjqre lsÍu bkaÈhdfõ
ix.ufha wdrïNl wruqKq úh' fuu wruqKq wkqj wdishd;sl iñ;sh u.ska isÿ l< hq;= m%Odk ld¾hhla
hñka ú,shï fcdakaia o bkaÈhdkq idys;Hh" NdId yd jQfhah' nhsn,fha i|yka wdYap¾h ckl isoaëka lsisÿ
ixialD;sh muKla fkdj WoaNso úoHdj iy ridhk wdldrhlska mÍCId l< fkdyels nj úYajdi lrñka
úoHdj jeks wxY flfrys o fnfyúkau Wkkaÿ jQ w;r fcdakaia ixialD; w;amsgm;a ;=< fkdajdf.a (Noah)
tys§ tjlg mjd bkaÈhdfõ m%n, f,i n,meje;ajqKq uyd c,.e,au ms<sn| iïm%odhka fyda jd¾;d fidhkq
wd.ï iy l=, fNao fkdi,ld yßñka lghq;= lsÍug ,eîh' fï wkqj hñka bkaÈhdkqjka fkdajdf.a mq;%hd
;rï uOHia: u;Odßfhla jQ nj jd¾;d fõ' tmuKla jQ yeïf.ka (Ham) mej; tkakka nj;a" ta wkqj
fkdj bkaÈhdfõ isú,a kS;s ix.%yhla msysgqùu i|yd ixialD; NdIdj *SkSIshdkq" Bðma;= iy fl,aála jeks
yskaÿ iy wrdì$uqia,sï kS;s .%ka: mßYS,kh lsÍu fjk;a mqrdK NdIdjka yd iïnkaOhla olajk nj;a
flfrys o wjOdkh fhduq lr ;sfí' ú,shï fcdakaia m%ldY lf<ah' Tyqg wkqj ixialD; hkq

fcdakaiaf.a NdId {dkh iy jd.aúoHdj ms<sn| Tyq fndfyda NdIdj, W,am; h'
olajk ,o Wkkaÿj u; wrdì" m¾ishdkq iy ixialD; —ixialD; NdIdfõ fm!rd‚l;ajh l=ula jqj
f,aLk mßj¾;kh lsÍu Tyq úiska bgq l< jeo.;a ld¾h o th wmQre jHqyhls' th .%Sl NdIdjg jvd
Ndrhls' l,algdfõ fiajh lrk ld,fha§ Tyq ixialD; mßmQ¾K h¦ ,;ska NdIdjg jvd úYsIag h¦ ta
NdIdj flfrys Wkkaÿ jQ w;r yskaÿ idys;Hfhys jeo.;a folgu jvd rid;aul h¦ kuq;a l%shd uQ,hka
lD;s mßj¾;kh lsÍu flfrys o wjOdkh fhduq iy jHdlrKfha iajNdjh w;ska tu NdId fol
lf<ah' fï ld,fha§ bkaÈhdfõ mej;s iudc-wd.ñl iu.u iïnkaOhla orkq ,nhs¦ ta wyïfnka
;;aFjh wkqj w;sYhskau n%dyauKslhkaf.a Wreuhla ksmojk ,oaola ksid úh yelsh'˜ hkqfjka Tyq
jQ ixialD; NdIdj bf.kSu ngysr l%sia;shdkqfjl=g woyia lrhs'
t;rï myiq lghq;a;;a jQfha ke;' ta i|yd fcdakaia
wkq.ukh lrk ,o Wmdhl%uh jQfha ixialD; wrdì NdIdj Ndú; l< uqia,sïjreka úiska hg;a
idys;Hh iy kS;sh iïnkaO w;amsgm;a bx.%Sis NdIdjg lr .kakd f;la jir 3500 l muK ld,hla mqrd
mßj¾;kh lsÍug fhduq ùu u.ska ixialD; NdIdj bkaÈhdfõ muKla fkdj tys ixialD;sfhka n,mEug
o bf.kSug lghq;= lsÍu hs' fuu mßj¾;k ld¾hh ,la jQ m%foaYhkays o¾Ykh" wd.u" ffjoH úoHdj" ;drld
ksid b;d fõ.fhka ixialD; bf.kSug fcdakaiag Ydia;%h" .‚;h iy idys;Hh hkdÈ fCIA;%hkays Ndú;
yels ù ;sfí' ta wkqj Tyq chfoajf.a .S; f.daúkaoh NdIdj jQfha ixialD; NdIdj hehs fcdakaia úYajdi