Page 145 - Prathima Volume 12

CBO managed water supply projects in mitigating rural water deficiency in the
selected coastal villages of Akkaraipattu region, Sri Lanka
developing countries including Africa and Asia. This report emphasized that about 2.5
billion people live without access to improved sanitation around the world today, with
a majority of them in rural areas. This underscores the continuing need to scale up and
sustain efforts to increase access to rural sanitation. To address this challenge, WSP is
working with governments and local private sectors to build all the components
needed to develop and institutionalize large scale, sustainable rural sanitation
programs. WSP helped 37 million people gain sanitation services in 2014. WSP works
with client governments to achieve access to sanitation at scale. Since the baseline was
established, focus countries have helped more than 107 million individuals achieve
access to sanitation. Based on the methods for contribution defined in the results
framework, about one-third is due to WSP's work, although the amount varied across
countries in Africa and Asia, but, did not pay attention to the south-east part or coastal
areas of Ampara district on the basis of the contribution of CBOs in reducing water
crisis.

Recently conducted surveys are also taken into the account of literature review. Recent
surveys in the Menaca region of Mali found that 80% of wells were dysfunctional. In
surveys in Northern Ghana, 58% of water points were shown as needing repair. The
water and sanitation foundation fairwater estimates that there are 50,000
dysfunctional water supply infrastructures across Africa. Local people are being
required to pay into a community fund for every 20 liters of water they use. In some
countries, public provision of water supply is seen as the role of government and local
people remain passive actors, expecting external agents to fund and maintain the
system. Such lack of community mobilization and commitment is a fundamental
hurdle impeding sustainability. In response, government, donors and NGOs have
stepped into compensate for lack of capacity. But these top-down interventions may
also backfire, distorting markets and attitudes in ways that contribute to an overall
systemic weakness, as pointed out in recent publications by Water Aid. Government
policy in most West African countries is to decentralize and delegate the provision of
drinking water supply. Finally this study recommended that, Donors and NGOs should
focus on these actors in all water supply projects on the continent, and ensure that
progress to full delegation of responsibility and fund is rapid. This research linked with
the concept of community water supply project on the basis of its sustainability, but did
not deal with CBO managed water supply facilities.

Silva De P.K.W. (2018) in his work 'Alternative Management Models in Small Town
Water Supply Schemes in Sri Lanka', described the alternative management models
for water supply system which has been adopted in Sri Lanka. W&S development
programs for small towns has introduced three alternative management models by
ensuring the beneficiary participation for the management of water supply systems.
This study reveals that CBOs are the core of this implementation process and the
distribution of responsibility was assured through the establishment of tripartite
operational and maintenance agreement. However, the nature of community

131